The HLA B27 test is a specialized blood test that detects the presence of the HLA-B27 protein, a specific genetic marker found on the surface of white blood cells. This test is commonly used in the diagnosis of certain autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. While having the HLA-B27 gene does not necessarily mean you will develop a disease, it does increase the risk of certain health conditions—especially those that affect the joints and spine.
What is the HLA B27 Test?
HLA-B27 (Human Leukocyte Antigen B27) is a genetic marker linked to autoimmune disorders. The immune system uses HLA proteins to distinguish between self and foreign substances. However, people with HLA-B27 may have an immune system that mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues, leading to inflammatory diseases.
This test is not a standalone diagnostic tool, but it supports diagnosis in combination with clinical symptoms, physical exams, and imaging.
Why is the HLA B27 Test Done?
Doctors typically order the HLA B27 test if you present symptoms related to autoimmune disorders, such as:
Chronic back pain or stiffness (especially in young adults)
Swelling and pain in large joints (knees, ankles)
Eye inflammation (uveitis)
Family history of autoimmune conditions
Suspected cases of spondyloarthropathies
The test helps in diagnosing conditions like:
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS)
Reactive arthritis (Reiter's syndrome)
Psoriatic arthritis
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Inflammatory bowel disease-related arthritis
Acute anterior uveitis
How is the HLA B27 Test Performed?
The procedure is simple and requires a blood sample, usually taken from a vein in your arm. You don’t need to fast or follow any special instructions unless advised by your doctor. The sample is sent to a laboratory where it undergoes testing to detect the presence of the HLA-B27 gene.
Test results are usually available within 3–5 working days.
HLA B27 Test Results: What Do They Mean?
Positive result: You have the HLA-B27 gene. While this doesn’t confirm a disease, it indicates a higher likelihood of developing certain autoimmune disorders.
Negative result: You do not have the gene. However, it doesn't completely rule out the disease, especially if other clinical signs are present.
It’s important to interpret the results with your doctor, who may recommend further imaging or tests.
HLA B27 Test Cost in India
The cost of the HLA B27 test in India can vary depending on the city and the diagnostic center. On average:
Price range: ₹1,200 – ₹3,500
Available at reputed diagnostic labs such as Thyrocare, SRL Diagnostics, Metropolis, Apollo Diagnostics, Redcliffe Labs, and others.
Many labs also offer home sample collection and online report delivery for convenience.
Final Thoughts
The HLA B27 test is a helpful tool in diagnosing autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, particularly those affecting the joints and eyes. Early detection enables timely treatment and better disease management. If you are experiencing symptoms like chronic joint pain, stiffness, or eye inflammation, consult your doctor to see if this test is right for you.
